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Removing PDFs to free up space - Zotero Forums.kb:annotations in database [Zotero Documentation]
March 26, I want to get rid of all the PDFs I have synced to my library, but keep the relevant citation information. If I use the purge tool, will it delete all my citations? March 26, edited March 26, Do not use the purge button. It doesn't do what you think it does. If you want to get rid of PDFs, just delete the attachment items in Zotero itself. If the problem is just that you don't want to sync PDFs and other files any more, you can simply turn off file syncing in the sync tab of the Zotero preferences.
Note that while the saved search will also contain the items to which the PDFs are attached, select all will only select the attachments.
I'm just trying to free up online storage space, since I get an error now when syncing that says my account is full. It would be a pity to delete your attachments locally. May 5, I'm having the same problem reached my mb limit. But even if you do that, you can't pick which PDFs are stored online. If you actually delete a PDF online that change will sync and it will also be deleted locally. So your three options are 1. Pay for Zotero storage 2. Switch to using WebDAV for file sync 3.
Disable file sync. August 17, I would also like to free up some storage space. They are 1GB. I thought that deleting PDF attachments, which I added by "add stored copy of file", and keeping the attachment links to the zotero items, which I added by "add link to file" may be a good way to go.
However, items with either the attachment links or the stored files appear on the search result. How may I just delete the stored attachments without affecting the links and whatever bibliographical information? It would be great if I do not have to manually delete attachments item by item. September 25, It seems to have cleared up about mb, which gives me a bit more cloud storage for other things, so thanks! Now I just need to figure out how to delete snapshot info from my library.
If you want to delete Snapshots and PDFs--what do you need cloud storage for? September 25, edited September 25, Good question. Having my Zotero entries in a local folder that syncs to cloud storage just increases the amount of places I have my data. My PDFs are also in this cloud storage. I manage them manually in order to have more fine-grained control over the folder structure, filenames, and Mac Spotlight searchability.
Also, having my PDFs stored manually allows me to view them without having to use Zotero which, no offense, still fails to offer fullscreen or a non-imposing UI—you could call me persnickity. That being said, if all of my backup drives at home fail, I will not have lost my bibliographies or the PDFs to which each bibliography item corresponds or their organization —potentially my greatest digital assets. Don't get me wrong, Zotero is a hugely helpful research tool, but I do not need everything it offers and I sometimes want more control than it permits.
If you were to only use it for cooking recipes I don't have any problems with that. Only thing I want to avoid is that people delete PDFs or other files from their local Zotero because they don't understand that you can simply turn off file syncing to prevent going over your Zotero file storage quota. That doesn't seem to be the case for you. Though I'm mildly worried by your mention of having the Zotero folder in cloud storage--if you're accessing said storage from multiple computers, that's highly discouraged, irregardless of attachments.
April 25, Dear adamsmith, I was having the same problem as schustem, I don't have more zotero free online storage space, so I can't attach any files. I tried to do what you said with my Zotero standalone. I unchecked all the options of syncing sync full-text content and the file syncing.
But when I try to add a file from pubmed, for example, the information abot the file is downloaded to my library, but no attachments no snapshots, no pdf. The file then has a hollow circle next to it. I want to do as you said, to stop syncing and just store my files on my computer. Any ideas of what I am doing wrong? May 2, Well, I also have the same issue with lack of space. Adam says that turning off the sync will do the trick, but in this case, my account is already out of storage.
Would turning off the sync remove the pdfs attachments online so that I can then have space to store reference information; or should I assume that as long as am not syncing Pdf attachments, there is not limit to the number of references I can have in a Zotero basic account?
Whether you sync attachments or not, the amount of metadata you can sync is unlimited. Once you hit the storage quota for attachments though, Zotero may exhibit some slower behavior when trying to sync, so we suggest turning off just the attachment syncing in that case.
Thanks Aurimas for the feedback; well as I have also read that it is possible to save the pdf attachments either on the local hard drive or an cloud storage such as drop box of google drive instead of Zotero servers.
Some posts I have read also say that it is possible then to use zotfile to achieve this purpose. However, when I tried working this process out, I could only change the location of the data file, but could not get pdfs on drive. Could I be doing anything wrong; or is this even possible?
In short, I want to be able to free space on Zotero am already out of space. Then, I would like to have those pdfs on cloud storage so that they are available on my second computer even if they could appear as links. Would appreciate any help; or any suggestions. July 29, Deleting the pdfs alone didn't do the job in my case, so I also deleted all the snapshots. I am down to 0. New question though: How do I go back to my mb free storage plan?
It does not let me select that option. Will it then automatically jump to the mb plan? Also 0. Yes, your storage will automatically revert to the MB free plan.
Your storage quota only includes attached files, so if you delete all your attachments you would see 0 MB of storage being used while your metadata is still there.
April 6, Hi Similar question to above, but slightly different, I have also ran out of storage. I use sync so that my references and notes are available online and one home and work computers, so don't want to turn it off unless i have misunderstood what it is necessary for.
I don't need to store pdfs or snapshots, so would be happy to purge the storage if that is all that is in there BUT I make lots of notes on each reference that I don't want to lose at all - I can't seem to work out if these are also kept in the storage directory? I'd be grateful for any clarifications,. Your notes and references will still be available. I wouldn't delete any files.
Thanks, hopefully that will do it then! July 9, I've read through all of this and many other sources , and it's very helpful, but I want to echo pmusinguzi's question above, because I'm still a bit confused: Is there anything I can do if my storage is already full? I've unchecked file syncing, but how can I remove the PDFs already on the Zotero server without also deleting them locally? I'd be very grateful for any help with this; I can't seem to wrap my brain around it. You typically wouldn't need to remove the PDFs from the server.
Why do you want to? Thank you! I need to remove them because standalone Zotero won't sync; I get an error message that I've run out of storage space, which I'm assuming is due to the PDFs as metadata is unlimited, right?
Am I fundamentally misunderstanding something about how the server works? That's entirely possible; on a good day I barely understand Zotero at all! The metadata sync is uncapped and independent of file syncing. Disable file syncing if you don't need it. Sign In or Register to comment.
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Forty-five people were ineligible for other reasons. Sleep difficulties were also reported at screening, and it was not clear whether sleep difficulties were exacerbated by the intervention. Data points are presented as mean SD. Conflicts of interest comprise financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including but not limited to employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speaker's bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued.
If you have no conflicts of interest, check "No potential conflicts of interest" in the box below. The information will be posted with your response.
Not all submitted comments are published. Please see our commenting policy for details. JAMA Psychiatry. Question Is psilocybin-assisted therapy efficacious among patients with major depressive disorder? Findings In this randomized clinical trial of 24 participants with major depressive disorder, participants who received immediate psilocybin-assisted therapy compared with delayed treatment showed improvement in blinded clinician rater—assessed depression severity and in self-reported secondary outcomes through the 1-month follow-up.
Meaning This randomized clinical trial found that psilocybin-assisted therapy was efficacious in producing large, rapid, and sustained antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder. Importance Major depressive disorder MDD is a substantial public health burden, but current treatments have limited effectiveness and adherence. Recent evidence suggests that 1 or 2 administrations of psilocybin with psychological support produces antidepressant effects in patients with cancer and in those with treatment-resistant depression.
Objective To investigate the effect of psilocybin therapy in patients with MDD. Adults aged 21 to 75 years with an MDD diagnosis, not currently using antidepressant medications, and without histories of psychotic disorder, serious suicide attempt, or hospitalization were eligible to participate.
Enrollment occurred between August and April , and the 4-week primary outcome assessments were completed in July Data analysis was conducted from July 1, , to July 31, , and included participants who completed the intervention evaluable population. Participants were randomized to begin treatment immediately or after an 8-week delay.
This population had a mean SD age of Conclusions and Relevance Findings suggest that psilocybin with therapy is efficacious in treating MDD, thus extending the results of previous studies of this intervention in patients with cancer and depression and of a nonrandomized study in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Trial Registration ClinicalTrials. Major depressive disorder MDD is a substantial public health concern, affecting more than million individuals worldwide. Depression is the number one cause of disability, 1 and the relative risk of all-cause mortality for those with depression is 1. Although effective pharmacotherapies for depression are available, these drugs have limited efficacy, produce adverse effects, and are associated with patient adherence problems.
Most of the current pharmacotherapies for MDD, including the widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, increase levels of brain monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine typically by blocking reuptake. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a single ketamine infusion in rapidly within hours reducing depression symptoms and, when effective, lasting from a few days to about 2 weeks. Quiz Ref ID The combined serotonergic and glutamatergic action of psilocybin 13 - 15 a classic hallucinogen and the preliminary evidence of the antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy among patients with life-threatening cancer or patients with treatment-resistant depression 16 - 18 indicate the potential of psilocybin-assisted therapy as a novel antidepressant intervention.
The substantial negative public health impact of MDD underscores the importance of conducting more research into drugs with rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Current pharmacotherapies for depression have variable efficacy and unwanted adverse effects. Novel antidepressants with rapid and sustained effects on mood and cognition could represent a breakthrough in the treatment of depression and may potentially improve or save lives.
Therefore, the primary objective of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effect of psilocybin therapy in patients with MDD. This randomized, waiting list—controlled clinical trial was conducted at the Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research in Baltimore, Maryland.
Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. To avoid the confounding effects and potential interactions of concurrent antidepressant use, candidates were required to refrain from using antidepressants eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for at least 5 half-lives before the screening and up to 4 months after enrollment through the completion of the primary outcome assessment.
Additional eligibility requirements included being medically stable with no uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions; having no personal or family history first or second degree of psychotic or bipolar disorders; and, for women, being nonpregnant, being non-nursing, and agreeing to use contraception.
Participants were enrolled between August and April , and the 4-week primary outcome assessments were completed in July Recruitment was carried out through flyers, print advertisements, internet forums, social media, and the study website.
Of the individuals screened by telephone or electronic screening survey, 70 went on to undergo in-person medical and psychological screening, 43 were disqualified, and 27 qualified and were enrolled in the study.
After screening, baseline assessments, and enrollment, 27 participants were randomized to either the immediate treatment group or the delayed treatment group ie, the waiting list control condition.
The use of a delayed treatment control was chosen to differentiate the psilocybin intervention from spontaneous symptom improvement. The delay interval was 8 weeks, after which participants in the delayed treatment group underwent all study assessments and entered the study intervention period.
Randomization to the immediate treatment and delayed treatment groups occurred after screening and baseline assessments Figure 1. Participants were randomized using urn randomization, 27 balancing for sex, age, depression severity at screening assessed using the GRID-HAMD , and level of treatment resistance assessed using the Maudsley Staging Method. Participants received no monetary compensation for undergoing the intervention.
Quiz Ref ID The intervention period was 8 weeks and involved at least 18 in-person visits, including 2 daylong psilocybin administration sessions Figure 2. Consistent with previous studies using psilocybin, 16 , 31 the visit schedule included preparatory meetings 8 hours in total with 2 session facilitators before the first psilocybin session as well as follow-up meetings after psilocybin sessions hours in total eMethods in Supplement 2.
After the preparation meetings, 2 psilocybin administration sessions were conducted a mean of 1. Procedures for psilocybin administration and the conduct of the sessions were similar to procedures used in previous and ongoing studies with psilocybin eMethods in Supplement 2 at the Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research.
Psilocybin was administered in opaque gelatin capsules with approximately mL water. During the session, participants were instructed to lie on a couch in a living room—like environment, and facilitators encouraged participants to focus their attention inward and stay with any experience that arose. To enhance inward reflection, music was played the playlist is provided in the eMethods in Supplement 2 , and participants were instructed to wear eyeshades and headphones.
For safety during the 8-week delay period of the delayed treatment group, participants were monitored weekly by in-person assessment or brief telephone calls.
In other weeks of the delay period, participants received telephone calls that included a brief check-in and assessment for self-reported suicidal ideation or behavior and depression symptoms. All assessments during the delay period were administered by study staff who were not lead facilitators.
At the end of the delay period, all participants in the delayed treatment group completed the same intervention as the participants in the immediate treatment group. Screening evaluation included a preliminary questionnaire administered via telephone or an online survey as well as an in-person medical history and physical examination, electrocardiogram, routine medical blood and urinalysis laboratory tests, and structured assessments eg, SCID-5, SCID-5 Screening Personality Questionnaire, SCID-5 Personality Disorders, and Personality Assessment Inventory.
The primary between-group end point comparison was at weeks 5 and 8 between the immediate treatment and delayed treatment groups Figure 2. The primary within-group end point comparison was between baseline and weeks 1 and 4 postsession 2 follow-up visits in both groups.
Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects were examined at baseline; at day 1 and week 1 of postsession-1 follow-up; and at day 1, week 1, and week 4 postsession-2 follow-up using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self-Report QIDS-SR; score range: , with higher scores indicating very severe depression. Descriptions of secondary outcome measures and timing of assessment are provided in the eMethods in Supplement 2.
Secondary outcome measures for depressive symptoms were the Beck Depression Inventory II score range: , with higher scores indicating severe depression 40 and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire score range: , with higher scores indicating severe depression.
Anxiety symptoms were measured using the clinician-administered Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score range: , with higher scores indicating severe anxiety 44 and the State-Trait Anxiety Index score range: , with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. Data analysis was conducted on participants who completed the intervention evaluable population.
No primary outcome data were missing. A repeated-measures analysis of variance with time baseline, week 5, and week 8 and condition immediate treatment and delayed treatment as factors was used to examine changes in the primary depression outcome GRID-HAMD score.
Follow-up planned comparisons included independent samples t tests to compare week 1 with week 4 GRID-HAMD scores in the immediate treatment condition group corresponding to the week 5 and week 8 time points in the delayed treatment condition group. Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects were examined using t tests comparing QIDS-SR scores between baseline and day 1 postsession-1 and between baseline and week 4 postsession-2 follow-up.
Further primary outcomes included a descriptive analysis of the percentage of participants who met the criterion for clinically significant response and remission in the sample. An examination of the differences in stratification variables as a function of the treatment condition indicated no statistically significant differences between conditions mean [SD] months in current major depressive episode: immediate treatment, Follow-up independent samples t tests revealed significantly lower depression scores in the immediate treatment condition at weeks 1 and 4 postsession-2 follow-up compared with the corresponding time points weeks 5 and 8 in the delayed treatment condition before psilocybin treatment.
The QIDS-SR measure of depression, which was assessed more frequently, showed a rapid, large decrease in mean SD depression score among participants from baseline to day 1 after psilocybin session 1 This substantial decrease remained through week 4 after session 2 6. All secondary depression and anxiety outcomes showed a similar pattern of results as the primary depression outcomes, with statistically significant differences between conditions and across both conditions after entry into the active intervention period eTables 1 to 3 and eFigures 1 to 8 in Supplement 2.
For example, statistically significant treatment condition effects were found on self-reported depression Beck Depression Inventory II and Patient Health Questionnaire—9 and clinician-administered anxiety Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale measures.
Overall, suicidal ideation was low and trended lower after enrollment in both groups eFigure 9 in Supplement 2. Participant and facilitator rated intensity of acute psilocybin effects are provided in eTables in Supplement 2.
There were no serious adverse events in this trial. Other nonserious adverse effects, which occurred during the psilocybin administration, that were reported by participants after completing at least one-half of the psilocybin sessions included challenging emotional eg, fear and sadness and physical eg, feeling body shake or tremble experiences eTable 8 in Supplement 2. Other adverse events are reported in eTables 8 and 9 in Supplement 2 , and initiation of antidepressants or psychotherapy is reported in eTable 10 in Supplement 2.
This randomized clinical trial documented the substantial rapid and enduring antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy among patients with MDD. Furthermore, psilocybin was found to have low potential for addiction 22 and a minimal adverse event profile, 22 , 23 suggesting therapeutic advantages with less risk for associated problems than ketamine. The mounting evidence of the use of psilocybin as an adjunct to treatment of a variety of psychiatric conditions eg, depression, 16 - 18 tobacco use disorder, 48 and alcohol use disorder 49 suggests a transdiagnostic mechanism of action.
In several studies in patients 16 - 18 , 49 - 51 and in healthy volunteers, 32 , 52 the intensity of mystical-type experiences reported after psilocybin sessions was associated with favorable outcomes. Furthermore, cross-sectional studies have suggested that mystical-type and psychologically insightful experiences during a psychedelic session predict positive therapeutic effects.
Furthermore, a recent report suggested that psilocybin may decrease negative affect and the neural correlates of negative affect, 56 which may be a mechanism underlying transdiagnostic efficacy.
Taken together, these findings suggest that further studies into psychological and neural mechanisms across different psychiatric conditions are warranted. The present trial showed that psilocybin administered in the context of supportive psychotherapy approximately 11 hours produced large, rapid, and sustained antidepressant effects.
The effect sizes reported in this study were approximately 2. The effectiveness of psilocybin therapy after a single or only a few administrations represents another substantial advantage over commonly used antidepressants that require daily administration. This study has some strengths.
The delayed treatment condition controlled for the possible effects of having been accepted into the trial and for the passage of time between screening and initial follow-up assessments. However, the delayed treatment condition did not control for other aspects of psilocybin administration, such as preparation and rapport building, postsession integration meetings, or expectancy effects.
Although placebo and active treatment controlled designs are widely used in therapeutic trials, 62 they too have limitations owing to the highly discriminable effects of psilocybin. Quiz Ref ID This study has some other limitations. It had a short-term follow-up, a small sample that was predominantly composed of White non-Hispanic participants, and included participants with low risk of suicide and moderately severe depression. Further research with larger and more diverse samples, longer-term follow-up, and a placebo control is needed to better ascertain the safety eg, abuse potential of psilocybin, suicide risk, and emergence of psychosis and efficacy of this intervention among patients with MDD.
Another limitation is the psychotherapy approach 31 that involved session facilitators from a variety of professional disciplines eg, social work, psychology, psychiatry and session facilitators without formal clinical training eg, research assistants and clinical trainees. The type of psychotherapy offered and the characteristics of therapists should be explored in future studies.
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